QUESTION

Write a discussion that includes a brief summary of; 

HIV in infants and children

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis 

Tetralogy of fallot

Impetigo

Cellulitis

Human papillomavirus

Genital warts

Atopic and contact dermatitis

Pediculosis

Assignment A

1. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children (include the clinical manifestations, management and nursing care)
2. Hypo and hyperthyroidism & Hypo and hyperparathyroidism (include the clinical manifestations, management and nursing care)
3. Diabetes mellitus type 1 & 2 (include the clinical manifestations, management and nursing care)
4. Seizure disorders (include the clinical manifestations, management and nursing care)
5. Cystic fibrosis (include a summary of the disease, the clinical manifestations, management, and parent’s education)
6. Sinusitis (include a summary of the disease, the clinical manifestations, management, and parent’s education)
7. Nasopharyngitis (include a summary of the disease, the clinical manifestations, management, and parent’s education)
8. Croup syndrome (include a summary of the disease, the clinical manifestations, management, and parent’s education)
9. Respiratory Syncytial virus (include a summary of the disease, the clinical manifestations, management, and parent’s education)
10. Pertussis (include a summary of the disease, the clinical manifestations, management, and parent’s education)
11. Tuberculosis (include a summary of the disease, the clinical manifestations, management, and parent’s education
12. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (include the signs and symptoms, diagnosis, plus nursing care)
13. Cat scratch disease (include the signs and symptoms, diagnosis, plus nursing care)
14. Urinary tract infections (include the signs and symptoms, diagnosis, plus nursing care)
15. 15.Hemolytic uremic syndrome (include the signs and symptoms, diagnosis, plus nursing care)
16. 16.Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) (include the signs and symptoms, diagnosis, plus nursing care)Sickle cell disease (include the signs and symptoms, diagnosis, plus nursing care)
17. 17. Von willebrand’s disease (include the signs and symptoms, diagnosis, plus nursing care
18. 18. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (include the signs and symptoms, diagnosis, plus nursing care)

Attached here is the care plan template you must use to develop your care plans. 

1. While utilizing the template, write a care plan that should be implemented when caring for 
   • • A child with asthma 

Nursing Care Plan Form

Student Name: Date:

Patient Identifier: Patient Medical Diagnosis:

Nursing Diagnosis (use PES/PE format):

Assessment Data (Include at least three-five subjective and/or objective pieces of data that lead to the nursing diagnosis)	Goals & Outcome (Two statements are required for each nursing diagnosis. Must be Patient and/or family focused; measurable; time-specific; and reasonable.)	Nursing Interventions (List at least three nursing or collaborative interventions with rationale for each goal & outcome.)	Rationale (Provide reason why intervention is indicated/therapeutic; provide references.)	Outcome Evaluation & Replanning (Was goal met? How would you revise the plan of care according to the patient’s response to current plan ?)
1. 2. 3.	Statement #1 Statement #2	1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.	1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.	Outcome #1 Outcome #2

Answer

NURSING CARE PLAN AND DISEASE ANALYSIS

Assignment A

1. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children

Clinical manifestation- Growth Hormone Deficiency is a hormonal misbalance that leads to the disruption of the growth hormone and some other pituitary hormones. This deficiency severely results a reduced growth and dwarfism. As said by Murray, Dattani and Clayton (2016) this is mainly observed in children between the ages of 5-12 years during the growing time. Short stature of 3 SD and more than 1.5 SD below the mid parental height is notable sign for diagnosis. Pituitary MRI and GH test will detect the deficiency level of hormones.

Management

Diagnosed patients are required to get admitted in the hospital to go through the hormonal tests As conveyed by Cohen et al. (2014) blood supply is required in every 20 minutes of interval.

Nursing care

After the diagnosis the supplements of the recombinant GH is required to treat the affected children. Along with those supplements of some other pituitary hormones is required essentially to keep the balance.

2. Hypo and hyperthyroidism & Hypo and hyperparathyroidism

Clinical Manifestation– this is identified through the rapid weight loss, weakness, insomnia, thirst, muscle cramps, pains etc. as in the viewpoint of Ritter et al. (2015) these can be the common signs of other underlying diseases but the constant visibility of the symptoms are suggested to diagnose. This is also a cause of the imbalance of thyroid hormones that affects the thyroid glands of a human body.

Management

The PTH test and the serum test is required to diagnose the disease. PTH is highly variable element in human body that can result the effect at any time. As said by Vaz (2014) low PTH level can administer the calcium components and proper control of calcitriol is recommended to manage the condition.

Nursing care

Surgery is the fundamental suggestion depending upon the severity of PTH level. In most of the cases oral supplement of calcium and Vitamin D is recommended to maintain the balance and fill the deficiency of hormone.

3. Diabetes mellitus type 1 & 2

Clinical Manifestation- Diabetes 1 is basically a cause of disorder of the insulin hormone. This should draw the clinical attention in case of frequent urination, constant nausea, and fatigue of muscles, thirst and rapid weight loss. As opined by Courcoulas et al. (2015) Diabetes 2 indicates through the blurred vision, infection of injury and frequent urination and lack of immunity.

Management

As conveyed by American Diabetes Association (2015) A1C and Diabetes Control and Complications Trial are generally suggested process to test the diabetic signs. Fasting for 12 hours is required for the accurate test result and sometimes Glucose Tolerance Test is also required to measure the insulin and sugar level.

Nursing care

Generally low carbohydrates and no sugar diets walk and physical exercises are the fundamental cure of the two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes needs the supplement of insulin hormone. Oral medication is suggested along with a balanced diet and physical exercise is prescribed for diabetes 2. Sometimes insulin injection is recommended for type 2.

4. Seizure disorders

Seizure disorder is mainly associated with the electrical disorder that occurs in brain of an individual.

Clinical manifestations

In the context of Seizure disorders clinical manifestations are as follows:

• Jerking movements can be seen in both legs and arms which is uncontrollable

• Fear or anxiety can be observed as cognitive symptoms

• The service user feels confused temporarily

• The service user loses awareness or consciousness (mayoclinic.org, 2019).

Management

Laboratory diagnosis is used to diagnose systemic disturbance within an individual. In addition to that, MRI, computed tomography and Electroencephalography are used to diagnose Seizure disorder. Along with that, antiepileptic drug are used in the management of this disease (aafp.org, 2019).

Nursing care

Nursing care for seizure disorder includes maintain the dosage of antiepileptic drug for service users. Along with that, proper assessment of laboratory tests also required to cure the activity of seizure. Along with that, providing proper knowledge of the disease to the service users and their family is also required to prepare them emotionally as well as mentally.

5. Cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is mainly inherited disorder that causes damage in lungs and digestive system of an individual (ghr.nlm.nih.gov, 2019). Cystic fibrosis mainly damages the cells that is associated with the production of digestive juices as well as mucus.

Clinical manifestation

• Abdominal pain, intestinal blockage

• Coughing with blood and thick sputum

• Service users feels burning sensation in chest

• Fatigue, and rapid breathing.

• Lung infections occurs repeatedly

Management

Service users are recommended to perform airway clearance techniques actively to clear the obstruction within the airway. Along with that, mucolytic like N-acetylcysteine is used as an inhaler for improving health of an individual. Antibiotics as well as inhaler devices are used in the management of this disease (nps.org.au, 2019).

Parent’s education

Parent of the service users need to have basic knowledge about the disease as well as recommended care practices. Parents need to communicate with the service users as well as the service providers thoroughly.

6. Sinusitis

Sinusitis mainly refers to the condition in which the service user faces inflammation in the region of nasal cavity. This disease mainly affects the individuals within the age range of 40- 65.

Clinical manifestations

• Service users faces blocked nose,

• Pain as well as inflammation around the eyes as well as head.

• Symptoms of cold lasting more than 10 days.

• Loss of sense of smelling

Management

Service users who are facing acute sinusitis are treated with analgesics like aspirin. Along with that intranasal steroids and nasal decongestants like Rhinocort is also used for the treatment of blocked nose. Along with that, antibiotics are provided orally in terms of treatment. Along with that, surgical management also can be applied in case of medical therapy failure.

Parent education

Parent education is oriented with the correct use of nasal decongestants and saline irrigations. Along with that, parents need to be made familiar with the disease and its treatment.

7. Nasopharyngitis

It mainly refers to the viral infection occurring within nasal as well as throat of an individual. It can spread easily and can be treated thoroughly. It can be spread through the contact of skin to skin (Tkachоva & Silaev, 2016).

Clinical manifestation

• Service users feels chronic muscle pain

• Runny nose as well as loss of smell

• Itchiness within the areas of eyes and watery secretion

• Chest pressure with swollen lymph nodes.

Management

Decongestants as well as antihistamine drugs are also used for the management of the disease. Supplement that contains zinc are used for the treatment of this disease. In case of medical treatment failure, suction ablation diathermy is used to as a surgical treatment of this disease.

Parent education

In case of nasopharyngitis parents need to follow up the symptoms of the disease within the service users. Along with that, they need to acquire knowledge about the disease and it its probable cause for self treatment and prevention (Haque et al. 2017).

8. Croup syndrome

Croup syndrome is a associated with infection in the region of upper respiratory tract that has a huge prevalence rate in newborn. Along with that, it has a distinctive barking cough symptom. It is also associated with the swelling of vocal cords and trachea.

Clinical manifestation

• Whistling sound during breathing

• Anxiety as well as agitation

• Inflammation within the upper respiratory tract

• Difficulty in swallowing

• Cyanosis (mayoclinic.org, 2019).

Management

Service users recommend the dosage of dexamethasone for the treatment of the croup disease. Along with that, nebulized epinephrine is also prescribed to the service users for the treatment. 15% children of USA visits emergency care department due to this respiratory disease (aafp.org, 2019).

Parent’s education

Parents need to monitor their children properly. Along with that, proper precautions need to be taken up by the parents to ease the struggle of the service users.

9. Respiratory Syncytial virus

RSV is mainly associated with the infections that occur within the respiratory tract of an individual. Most of the cases children with the age range of 1 to 2 years are more prone to infected with this virus.

Clinical manifestation

• Cyanosis that is associated with the symptoms of bluish skin

• Difficulty while breathing

• Wheezing and rapid breathing (medlineplus.gov, 2019),

• Seal bark cough

• Fever with stuffy nose

Management

Service users with acute RSV infection are treated with humidified oxygen. Along with that, intravenous fluids as well as antiviral medicines are also need to be provided for the management of this disease (Griffiths et al. 2017) In addition to that, ribavirin and bronchodilator are also recommended for the prevention.

Parent’s education

Parent need to be supportive and recommended to use nasal saline frequently in order to clear stuffy nose. Parent need to keep their children comfortable during the treatment and monitor the signs like dehydration.

10. Pertussis

Summery

Pertussis is also called whooping cough associated with the upper respiratory tract infection. Along with that, this infection is mainly caused by a virus naming Bordetella pertussis (pcrs-uk.org, 2019). This disease is mostly prevalent in the newborn.

Clinical manifestation

• Pause in breathing pattern

• Bluish skin

• Runny nose with the symptom of fever

• Coughing occasionally.

• Rapid coughs with ‘whoop’ sound

• Extreme vomiting symptoms

Management

Early management in case of pertussis is very much crucial, especially for the infants. Antimicrobial dosage also provided in case of the management of this disease. Service providers recommend the dosage of chemoprophylaxis according to the age, drug interactions and tolerance power.

Parent’s education

This infection can be occurring after many months of successful treatment. Thus parent need to gain knowledge about the disease along with its treatment.

11. Tuberculosis

Summery

Tuberculosis is associated with the lung infection that is caused by the bacteria naming Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is not curable totally by the vaccine. Along with that, this disease can damage other organs of the body (medlineplus.gov, 2019).

Clinical manifestation

• Loss of weight as well as appetite

• Coughing with the blood

• Service users faces fatigue and weakness

Management

The disease can be managed through early diagnosis. Along with that, BCG vaccine is provided to the newborn for the immunization. In addition to that, antibacterial medicines for the treatment such as Isoniazid and Rifampicin are also prescribed by the service users for the prevention and management.

Parent’s education

In the context of parent’s education, parents need to know about tuberculosis and its prevalence. Along with that, they need to learn about the signs along with the treatment for the proper management of this disease (kidshealth.org, 2019). In addition to that, it is essential to complete the full course of the treatment in order to prevent this disease.

12. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Signs and symptoms

• Service users are having the symptoms like high fever

• Severe headache

• Severe muscle cramp

• Nausea as well as vomiting

• Service users feels confused and faces other neurological changes

Diagnosis

Rocky Mountain spotted fever can be be diagnosed physically by the service providers from the symptoms. Along with that, laboratory test of the blood as well as rash specimen is also performed for proper diagnosis of this disease.

Nursing care

Nursing care includes proper assessment of the subjective and objective data of the disease. Along with that, administration of the antibiotic therapy is rapid in case of this disease as the delay can be life threatening.

13. Cat scratch disease

Signs and symptoms

• Lump at the site of cat scratch or bite

• Swelling of the lymph glands around the region of cat scratch

• Pain in the muscle (cdc.gov, 2019)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of cat scratch disease is made upon the clinical manifestations and blood test. Along with that, sample of the swollen gland is also tested by the service providers in order to ensure the disease. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) blood test is considered as an appropriate way to diagnose this cat scratch disease (sahealth.sa.gov.au, 2019),.

Nursing care

In the context of nursing care, subjective and objective data is assessed thoroughly along with the results of the laboratory tests. For CSD administration of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is needed to be proper after the diagnosis of this disease. In addition to the antibiotic therapy the service users also may receive supportive therapy for fever, and headache.

14. Urinary tract infections

Signs and symptoms

• Abdominal as well as pelvic pain

• Pain during urination

• Foul smelling and cloudy urine

• Malaise and fever

Diagnosis

In the context of the diagnosis of this urinary tract infection, proper analysis and test of the urine sample is required. Along with that, computerized tomography scan is also required in order to create the image of urinary tract for the diagnosis. Along with that, urine also cultured within the laboratory in order to identify the bacteria which plays a significant role in the infection of urinary tract.

Nursing care

Antibiotic treatment is a fundamental treatment depending upon the severity of the urinary tract infection. In the most cases, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin is recommended for the treatment of this infection. Along with that, in case of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, service providers recommend shorter dosage for the treatment.

15. Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Signs and symptoms

• Pain in abdominal muscle

• Seizure symptoms

• Bloody diarrhea

• Fever and paleness

Diagnosis

Blood tests are performed in order to monitor the platelet count as well as level of creatinine. To detect abnormal level of protein, urine test is performed. In addition to that, for the detection of toxin producing bacteria E.coli, stool sample also required to be tested (niddk.nih.gov, 2019).

Nursing care

Fluid replacement is the fundamental suggestion to ease the signs and symptoms of hemolytic uremic syndrome. In addition to intravenous transfusion of platelets also required to be performed in order to normalise the blood clotting process within service user. Plasma plays a significant role in the circulation of the blood cell and platelets. During the treatment of the HUS, kidney dialysis and plasma exchange also required to be performed. In addition to that, red blood cell transfusion treatment helps to reduce the clinical manifestations of HUS (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2019).

16. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

Signs and symptoms

• Fatigue

• Impairment of vision

• Severe headache

Diagnosis

Complete blood count is required to be performed for the diagnosis of IDA (hematology.org, 2019).

Nursing care

For the treatment of IDA, service providers recommend iron supplements like iron pills. Iron rich diet is also recommended to the service users (cincinnatichildrens.org, 2019).

Sickle cell disease

Signs and symptoms

• Pain in the joint area

• Pain in the chest

• Low oxygen level in the body

• Service users feels coldness in the hand and feet

• Rapid breathing

Diagnosis

Blood tests are recommended for the diagnosis of sickle cell disease. As conveyed by the government of USA, testing for this disease is now a part of their newborn screening programs (medlineplus.gov, 2019).

Nursing care

Narcotic as well as chemotherapy is fundamentally suggested for the treatment of sickle cell disease.

17. Von willebrand’s disease

Signs and symptoms

• Bleeding from nose as well as from gum

• Menorrhagia in women

• Excessive bleeding during surgery as well as during childbirth

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of this disease is mainly rely on the family history of bleeding. As per views of Leebeek & Eikenboom (2016).laboratory tests also required to be performed in order to monitor the abnormalities of factor VIII as well as Von willebrand factor. Along with that, it was also pointed out in the book that, proper diagnosis can be performed with proper monitoring the level of von Willebrand factor.

Nursing care

After the diagnosis of the disease the hormonal treatments like oral contraceptives are recommended for the treatment of Menorrhagia in women. Along with that, aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid is alo recommended by the service providers to stabilize clot. The goal of treatment is to increase von Willebrand factor levels. In addition to that, desmopressin is also recommended for the treatment of Von willebrand’s disease.

.

18. Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Signs and symptoms

• Service users faces increased amount of pain in bones and joints

• Fever with loss of appetite

• Swollen lymph nodes

• Loss of hair

Diagnosis

Service providers recommend bone marrow tests to monitor the leukemia cells. The samples are collected from the pelvic bone for the diagnosis of this disease. In addition to that, biopsy of the lymph nodes is also required in the context of diagnosis (cancer.org, 2019).

Nursing care

Treatment of ALL consists of three distinct phases; induction, consolidation and maintenance. In case of induction phase, leukemia cells are destroyed by the chemotherapeutic drugs such as Daunorubicin, and Methotrexate. In consolidation phase more chemotherapy is recommended by the service providers in order to get rid of leukemia cells (cancerresearchuk.org, 2019).

Refernce

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aafp.org (2019), Management of Seizures and Epilepsy, Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/0401/p1589.html

American Diabetes Association. (2015). 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes care, 38(Supplement 1), S8-S16.

Camaschella, C. (2015). Iron-deficiency anemia. New England journal of medicine, 372(19), 1832-1843. Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: http://iacld.ir/DL/elm/94/irondeficiencyanemia.pdf

cancer.org (2019), Tests for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html

cancerresearchuk.org (2019), Treatment, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/acute-lymphoblastic-leukaemia-all/treatment

cdc.gov (2019), Cat-Scratch Disease, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/cat-scratch.html

cdc.gov (2019), Pertussis (Whooping Cough), Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/signs-symptoms.html

cdc.gov (2019), Treatment, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/treatment.html

cff.org (2019), Parent and Guardian Guidance, Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.cff.org/Life-With-CF/Caring-for-a-Child-With-CF/Parent-and-Guardian-Guidance/

cincinnatichildrens.org (2019), Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/i/iron-anemia

Cohen, P., Weng, W., Rogol, A. D., Rosenfeld, R. G., Kappelgaard, A. M., & Germak, J. (2014). Dose‐sparing and safety‐enhancing effects of an IGF‐I‐based dosing regimen in short children treated with growth hormone in a 2‐year randomized controlled trial: therapeutic and pharmacoeconomic considerations. Clinical endocrinology, 81(1), 71-76.                   

Courcoulas, A. P., Belle, S. H., Neiberg, R. H., Pierson, S. K., Eagleton, J. K., Kalarchian, M. A., … & Jakicic, J. M. (2015). Three-year outcomes of bariatric surgery vs lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA surgery, 150(10), 931-940.               

entnet.org (2019), Sinusitis, Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.entnet.org/content/sinusitis

ghr.nlm.nih.gov (2019), Cystic fibrosis, Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cystic-fibrosis

Griffiths, C., Drews, S. J., & Marchant, D. J. (2017). Respiratory syncytial virus: infection, detection, and new options for prevention and treatment. Clinical microbiology reviews, 30(1), 277-319. Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://cmr.asm.org/content/cmr/30/1/277.full.pdf

Haque, A., Sadiq, H., Abdullah, M., Khan, H., & Mirza, S. (2017). Epinephrine in Paediatric Clinical Practice-Clinical Update. Annals, 6(1), 64-69. Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: http://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/pdfs/2017/1/12.pdf (croup)

health.nsw.gov.au (2019), Management of Whooping Cough (Pertussis), Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/whoopingcough/Pages/workers-managing-cases.aspx

hematology.org (2019), Iron-Deficiency Anemia, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: http://www.hematology.org/Patients/Anemia/Iron-Deficiency.aspx

hemophilia.org (2019), Von Willebrand Disease, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.hemophilia.org/Bleeding-Disorders/Types-of-Bleeding-Disorders/Von-Willebrand-Disease

kidshealth.org (2019), Tuberculosis, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tuberculosis.html

Leebeek, F. W., & Eikenboom, J. C. (2016). Von Willebrand’s disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(21), 2067-2080. Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://legeforeningen.no/PageFiles/284208/2016LeebeekNEJM%20vWs%20dis.pdf

Loomba, R. S. (2018). Seizure Disorders in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Disease. EC Paediatrics, 7, 1090-1098. Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.ecronicon.com/ecpe/pdf/ECPE-07-00353.pdf

mayoclinic.org (2019), Croup, Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/croup/symptoms-causes/syc-20350348

mayoclinic.org (2019), Cystic fibrosis, Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystic-fibrosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353700

mayoclinic.org (2019), Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361033

mayoclinic.org (2019), Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20361032

mayoclinic.org (2019), Seizures, Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20365711

mayoclinic.org (2019), Urinary tract infection, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20353447

medlineplus.gov (2019), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001564.htm

medlineplus.gov (2019), Sickle Cell Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Recent Developments, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://medlineplus.gov/magazine/issues/winter11/articles/winter11pg18.html

medlineplus.gov (2019), Tuberculosis, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html

Murray, P. G., Dattani, M. T., & Clayton, P. E. (2016). Controversies in the diagnosis and management of growth hormone deficiency in childhood and adolescence. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 101(1), 96-100.       

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (2019), Update on hemolytic uremic syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832913/

niddk.nih.gov (2019), Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children/hemolytic-uremic-syndrome

nps.org.au (2019), Management of cystic fibrosis in adults, Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.nps.org.au/australian-prescriber/articles/management-of-cystic-fibrosis-in-adults

Ritter, K., Elfenbein, D., Schneider, D. F., Chen, H., & Sippel, R. S. (2015). Hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: incidence and resolution. journal of surgical research, 197(2), 348-353.

Rosenfeld, R. M., Piccirillo, J. F., Chandrasekhar, S. S., Brook, I., Ashok Kumar, K., Kramper, M., … & Walsh, S. A. (2015). Clinical practice guideline (update) adult sinusitis executive summary. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 152(4), 598-609.Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0194599815574247

sahealth.sa.gov.au (2019), Cat-scratch disease – including symptoms, treatment and prevention, Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/health+topics/health+conditions+prevention+and+treatment/infectious+diseases/cat+scratch+disease/cat-scratch+disease+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

Salgame, P., Geadas, C., Collins, L., Jones-López, E., & Ellner, J. J. (2015). Latent tuberculosis infection–revisiting and revising concepts. Tuberculosis, 95(4), 373-384. Retrieved on: 14^th January 2019, Retrieved from: http://www.hts.org.gr/assets/files/seminars/seminars2018/Latenttuberculosis.pdf

Tkachоva, O. V., & Silaev, A. O. (2016). Clinical and economic analysis of pharmacotherapy of children with acute nasopharyngitis. Socìalʹna farmacìâ v ohoronì zdorov’â, 2(3), 75-82. Retrieved on: 13^th January 2019, Retrieved from: http://sphhcj.nuph.edu.ua/article/download/sphhcj.16.54/86024

Vaz, V. A. S. (2014). Diagnosis of hypo and hyperthyroid using MLPN network. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(7), 14314-23.

Nursing Care Plan Form

Student Name: Date:

Patient Identifier: Patient Medical Diagnosis:

Nursing Diagnosis (use PES/PE format):

Assessment Data (Include at least three-five subjective and/or objective pieces of data that lead to the nursing diagnosis)	Goals & Outcome (Two statements are required for each nursing diagnosis. Must be Patient and/or family focused; measurable; time-specific; and reasonable.)	Nursing Interventions (List at least three nursing or collaborative interventions with rationale for each goal & outcome.)	Rationale (Provide reason why intervention is indicated/therapeutic; provide references.)	Outcome Evaluation & Replanning (Was goal met? How would you revise the plan of care according to the patient’s response to current plan ?)
A. Subjective data: difficulty in breathing B. Objective data: Whistling sound while breathing. 2. A. Subjective data: chest pain B. Objective data: low pulse rate, rapid breathing 3. A. Subjective data: pressure felt in the chest B. Objective data: lips and fingers turns bluish	Statement #1 The service user could maintain the breathing pattern properly by relaxed breathing. It can be measured by the monitoring the pulse rate. Along with that, through regular monitoring the peak expiratory flow. In addition to that, Inhaler eases the breathing difficulty by relaxing the muscle of the airways (pcrs-uk.org (2019). It will take up to 5 days for the proper assessment and the diagnosis of the disease. Proper monitoring of lung function is needed to ensure the oxygen level is adequate in the service user. Statement #2 In order to measure the outcomes, medical history of the patient and physical assessment would help to assess the severity of the disease. Along with that, laboratory measurements would also helps to understand the condition of the service user. Nursing interventions will be made on the basis of those laboratory reports. It will take approximately 2 days to properly assess the laboratory report. Action plan is needed for the management of the treatment. In addition to that Inhaler can be used 2 days in a week to ease the breathing difficulty. In addition to that, Mudd & Silbert-Flagg, (2016) stated that, well controlled asthma help to prevent the breathing problem within the service user and encourages the the decrease in the medicine.	1 The service user positioned in an upright position in order to open up the airways during laboratory diagnosis. In addition to that, easing the struggle also calm downs the service user which in turn helps the service providers to diagnose properly. 2. As stated by Mudd & Silbert-Flagg, (2016), breathing treatment with beta agonists which is worked as an inhaler and ease the breathing problem of the service user. 3.peak flow meter helps to monitor the breathing pattern of the service user. Along with that, it helps to evaluate the ability of exhalation of the service user. Assessment of the anxiety level of the service user. In order to perform laboratory diagnosis, service users needed mental care and support. 2. Assessment of the breathing sound and breathing pattern in order to understand the condition of the service user. Along with that, as this abnormal sound can increase the occurrence level of additional complications like pneumonia. 3. Proper assessment of the signs of dyspnea is required in order to understand the complications of respiratory distress.	Changes in the breathing rhythm can cause breathing problem for the service user. Thus this can ease the breathing difficulty of the service user (nhlbi.nih.gov, 2019). 2. Inhaler eases the breathing difficulty by relaxing the muscle of the airways (pcrs-uk.org (2019). Along with that, it makes easier to breathe for the service user who is facing breathing difficulty. 3. It helps to monitor the breathing rhythm and changes in the respiratory rate. In addition to that, Pawłowski et al. (2017), stated that assessment of breathing sound is needed to evaluate additional complications with the asthma. As stated by Pawłowski et al. (2017), stress management can ease the anxiety level of the service user thus proper assessment of the anxiety level is needed to make the service user comfortable. 2. Sometimes wheezing can be caused by exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Thus proper assessment of the breathing pattern is needed to diagnose asthma (asthmahandbook.org.au, 2019). 3. Assessment of breathing pattern is needed for to monitor abnormalities in the service user (asthmahandbook.org.au, 2019). .	Outcome #1 The goal was met as the patient was familiar with the service provider. Outcome #2 Laboratory diagnosis did not go as planned because the service user was too much stressed. Along with that, service user was not comfortable enough for the laboratory diagnosis as he/she was facing tremendous breathing problem. In order to perform laboratory diagnosis, service users needed mental care and support. Along with that, as anxiety can cause struggle and increases the difficulty for both the service user and providers during the laboratory diagnosis. Thus proper assessment of the level of anxiety and mental distress is needed.

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