QUESTION

Your coursework requires you to build on the work from the group presentation and address the following essay question.

1. “With reference to relevant literature and suitable examples, critically analyse and justify the behaviours and skills that you feel are required of an effective global leader”. (2000 words)

2. Choosing one area from the following list critically evaluate the challenges that an effective global leader faces in a public or private sector organisation operating within the country that you are from. (1500 words)

• Power and Politics
• Leading Teams
• Organisational Change

Particular instructions to students

Word Count and Penalty

The word count is 3,500 words (+ or – 10%). This includes citations and quotations within the body of the assignment itself as well as abstracts and executive summaries. This word limit relates to the word count given by the word counters in Microsoft Word and should be included at the end of the document.

It excludes:

• appendices,
• tables
• reference list/bibliography.

The sanction or a penalty that will be applied for exceeding the word count could be that “markers will stop reading after the word limit has been exhausted and will only mark content up to this point”.

Assignment Guidance notes

It is essential that you refer to the specific assessment criteria and marking grid for Task 2 while you write your assessment (and before your submit it) to ensure that you have produced work of sufficient quality to obtain the grade you are aiming for.

The essay should contain a clear structure of introduction, main body of analysis and conclusion. The main body of analysis should clearly address the coursework requirements. The essay needs to draw relevant literature (both theoretical models and practical cases) to support your analysis.

Introduction

• Introduce the subject by briefly describing it in relation to the task and explain how you intend to answer the questions.
• Part a. is related to your presentation, so please bear in mind your feedback as you write this section. The suggested word count for this is 2000 words.
• For Part b. clearly identify the country the effective global leader will be operating within and introduce the area that your analysis will be focusing on. The suggested word count here is 1500.

Main body of discussion

Part a)

• Compare and contrasting different theoretical models on the behaviour and skills that you feel are required of an effective global leader.
• You are free to identify what you feel these behaviours and skills are.
• However, you must justify why you feel these are important and to do this you are required to draw on relevant literature/theory/models to support your claims.

• Illustrate as best as you can with suitable examples.
• Your focus MUST be on an ‘effective global leader’. In part a) this is not yet country specific.

Part b)

• This section requires you to focus on ONE area from the list provided and,
• discuss the challenges faced by a global leader operating in your country

• You will need to carry out a focused analysis on the chosen area by cross-examining the challenges evident within the different theoretical modules .
• It will be important to keep a strong focus on your effective global leader.
• Critically evaluate these challenges in the context of the effective global leader in your country
• Even though the question does not say so explicitly, a brief attempt at suggesting appropriate solutions will be recognised.
• Illustrate the analysis with relevant theories and examples.

Conclusion

• Summarise the analysis by highlighting the key points raised in your essay

• Draw a conclusion based on the summary to address the coursework requirement as a whole

Presentation and format

• 12 point font and 1½ line spacing

• Insert your student ID number in the “Header”

• Insert the page number in the “Footer”

• Insert the word count at the end of the assignment.

• No content list, no headings and subheadings

• Cover page is optional

• Appendices and references list are excluded from the word count

List of References

• This should be comprehensive and accurate, from a variety of different types of sources (e.g. academic journals, text books, newspapers, and company websites).

• APA style referencing should be used throughout, for all quotations including the source of theory, ideas and data/statistics.

Submission Requirement

You must submit your coursework electronically on Blackboard, to both the coursework and the TurnitIn submission points.

Important Note: You can submit your coursework 24 hours late. However, your mark will be capped at 50% unless you have an authorised extension or RAAR. If you feel that you foresee some circumstances that could prevent you submit on time, you need to submit an online form immediately to Student Support Officer.

 

 

ANSWER

 

BEHAVIOUR AND SKILL OF GLOBAL LEADERS

Executive summary

The current report highlights challenges faced by global leaders in an organisation. along with that, it discusses significant issues related to lack of communication and strategic decision within an organization. In the context of value based leadership, it reflects the ability to inspire and motivate the employees of the global company. As global companies are focusing on their strategies for development and for expand in the emerging market, global leaders help the organization to obtain their organizational goals. Skills that a global leader needs to possess are self awareness, cautious honesty, global strategic thinking, and sensitivity to cultural diversity, positive attitude, and challenge taking skill. Along with that, the role ambiguity and the role confliction would get reduced and gradually the improvement of efficiency would be noticed through measuring the performance.

Table of contents

Introduction

As global companies are focusing on their strategies for development and for expand in the emerging market, global leaders help the organization to obtain their organizational goals. This study aims to focus on the skills that a global leader possesses. Along with that, this study also focuses on the behavioural approaches of leaders that influence the employees. On the other hand, this study will also sheds light on political and cultural challenges faced by the global leaders while leading team in an UK based organization.

Part a

Critical analysis of behaviours and skill of Global leaders

In the context of organisational performances, global leaders engage themselves to enhance organisational efficiencies through proper employee motivation. As stated by Ramsey et al. (2017) global leaders possess global mindset that ensures a healthier and efficient work culture within the organisation. Along with that, it also stated that global leaders are an emerging segment of organization that is adept in operating international and multicultural contexts. In the context of critical analysis of behaviours of global leaders, a leader includes positive attitude, overseas experience and deep self awareness to enhance their behavioural approaches. As stated by Dolan & Kawamura (2015), leaders influence the behaviours of the employees within the organisation. In the context of global leadership behaviours, it includes value based leadership, participative leadership, team-oriented leadership, autonomous and self protective leadership.

Value based leadership

In the context of value based leadership, it reflects the ability to inspire and motivate the employees of the global company. As stated by Gebert et al. (2016), expectation of high performances from the subordinates is strongly based on the core values of a global leader. In addition to that, this leadership approach of a global leader influences their subordinates to follow them and enhance the number of devoted employees within the organization.

Participative leadership

Participative leadership mainly refer the influential behaviour of participation of a leader. In the context of this leadership, Mesu et al. (2015) stated that, it reflects the degree of global leaders who effectively involves others in making decisions for the benefits of the organisation.

Team oriented leadership

In the context of team oriented leadership, this global leadership behaviour emphasizes on the building of effective team. In addition to that, according to Rossberger & Krause (2015), global leaders enhance the efficiency of a team by passing the common purpose among the team members.

Self protective leadership

This reflects the behaviour of safety and security of the global leader. Self protective behaviour of leaders helps the organization to possess a safer and healthier work environment. As stated by Shamir & Eilam-Shamir (2018), global leaders help the organization to enhance their organizational culture.

Skills that a global leader needs to possess are self awareness, cautious honesty, global strategic thinking, and sensitivity to cultural diversity, positive attitude, and challenge taking skill. As stated by Clinton, R. (2018), global leaders are shaped by both training and experiences. In the context of this, their challenge accepting skill helps them to grow with the uncertainty of the results. In addition to that, positive attitude of a global leader helps them to take up the lead of any situation positively without knowing upcoming consequences. As stated by Banerjee & Nigam (2018), optimistic and positive attitude have a transformational impact in one’s life. On the basis of this factor, positive attitude allows a global leader to bring transformation within the company.

In addition to that, global strategic thinking is another key skill of the global leaders. As stated by Egel & Fry (2017), cultivation of global mindset is related to the global leadership as it helps the organization to understand the nature of complex markets, and to maximize global business opportunities. Globalisation enhances the number of employees with different cultures within the organization. Thus, putting sensitivity towards cultural diversity is another key skill of global leaders to manage the discrimination free environment and to mitigate different conflicts related to the cultural diversity. In addition to that, Banerjee & Nigam (2018) stated that in order to enhance global efficiency of an organization implementation of some strategies are needed to mitigate different conflicts regarding cultural differences within the organization. Along with that, motivation of the employees is directly related to the growth and sustainability of the organization in the global market.

Critical analysis of behavioural theories

In the context of behavioral theory of leadership, it does not seek inherent trait of a global leader. As stated by Lord et al. (2017), behavioural approaches of a leader influence the behaviour of their subordinates. According to this theory, leadership capability can be learned (changingminds.org, 2019). In the context of this theory, this allows considering the positive attitude and behaviour of a global leader as it helps the leaders to gain experience with the uncertainty of the situation. Along with that, this also helps them to achieve values and charismatic behaviour that influences other employees of the company to become more efficient and devoted towards the company. In addition to that, lessons gained from the experiences help the global leaders to build an efficient team. Transformational leadership theory also emphasizes on the behavioural approach of a global leader (changingminds.org, 2019). In the context of transformational leadership, global leaders can enhance the efficiency of a team by providing them proper vision and passion. Transformational leaders help the organisation to transform according to the situation and the followers are the product of this transformation. In the context of transactional theory employee recognition and reward system enhance employee motivation and retention. In the context of behavioural theories of leadership, this behaviour focused approach provides marketing potential and global mindset. Along with that, people oriented leaders are focusing on their behaviour to ensure that the requirements of people are satisfied and emphasizes on the relationship. As stated by Ramsey et al. (2017), global leaders with people possess behaviour that is in line with encouraging, observing, listening and mentoring.

In addition to that, leaders always encourage their subordinates to participate in decision making and implementation. This charismatic behaviour of a global leader helps the organization to gain most efficient employees that can enhance the productivity. As stated by Kark et al. (2018), transactional leadership theory also emphasizes on the employee motivation. In addition to that, global behaviour leadership such as self protective and team oriented leadership also related to this theory. Transactional leader works through creating a clear structure about the requirements of their subordinates. Along with that, the underlying psychology is behaviourism that helps a global leader to ignore complex emotional factors and social values (changingminds.org, 2019). Leaders play a key role as a linker between the hierarchies and their subordinates to mitigate the miscommunication (Mesu et al., 2015). Along with that, transformational leadership have effects on the directive and participative leadership that helps to enhance organisational work culture. Along with that, sensitive behaviour towards the cultural diversity within an organization also enhances the environment and relation within the organization.

Critical analysis of skill theory of leadership

In the context of skills theory of leadership, it allows to identify important assets of the global leaders. According to Mumford et al. (2017), leadership roles of a global leader are calling for the effectiveness of interpersonal influence. Global mindset is a key skill of the global leaders that helps them to expertise in complex problem skill. Along with that, according to skills theory of leadership five effective components of leadership are competencies, individual attributes, leadership outcomes, career experiences and environmental influences (missouriwestern.edu, 2019). One of the important benefits of the skill theory of leadership is that the leaders can develop their skills through different developmental stages. Positive attitude, critical thinking and challenge taking skills can be developed within a global leader through the developmental stages of them as well as the organisation. Along with that, this theory also emphasizes on the development of the human, technical and conceptual skill of a global leader that helps the organisation to enhance their strategic development. Interpersonal skill is another term of human skill of leaders that enhances the communication and relationship between the leaders and their subordinates. In addition to that, this skill of the leader helps then to adapt their as well as others ideas in the organization through the achievements of the organisational goals. As stated by Raelin (2016), interpersonal leaders are more sensitive and empathetic regarding employee motivation. In the context of skills theory of leadership conceptual skills refers to the thinking ability of an individual. Moreover, this skill helps to enhance the global mindset of the leaders which ultimately helps the company to enhance their business in emerging market. Along with that, global leaders possess this skill effectively and know how to express their vision and creative ideas to their teams in order to influence them.

In the context of trait approach of leadership, global leaders are not born with the leadership trait. It is the skills approach that makes them effective global leaders. As stated by Mumford et al (2017), cognitive skills of a leader enhance the leadership performances. In addition to that, self regulatory role of a leader helps them to become more creative and sensitive towards different segments within the organization. These skills of global leaders help the organization to understand the uncertain situations of the market and also help them to plan different strategies for the sustainability. In the context of situational leadership theory, it emphasizes on the positive attitude of a leader who is ready to take up any challenge. According to this theory a leader transform their style according to the situation that organization faces. In the context of global leadership skills, the adjustability of a leader must be flexible enough to fit the development level of the followers to motivate them. As stated by Thompson & Glasø (2015), there are four different styles present that are defined by the situational leadership; those are directing, coaching, delegating and supporting. In the context of global leaders, they are responsible for the guiding the team to complete a project. Along with that, situational leadership focuses on the supporting role of a leader that ensures the effectiveness of a team through adapting the multicultural context.

Part b

Challenges faced by the global leader

A global leader projects a team leadership quality while managing the team members. The team leader reflects the team management and team coordination skill which protects the team from being less productive. Along with this quality of team management the team leader faces numerous challenges such as:

Developing effective communication

The team leader possesses the quality of global leadership by communicating with the team members. As per the views of Evans et al. (2015), the team leader faces challenges while establishing an effective communication strategy among the team members. This has been highlighted while Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu has faced such challenge while leading team. He has witnessed the challenge of generating team coordination. While managing the team globally the team leader requires development of more communication strategy for the better understanding of the employees view. The communication gap among different places created because of difference in geographic area generates communication challenge for the leader. Different area requires different communication skill which provides an opportunity to explore to organizational objective to the employees of the organization. The communication gap or language creates obstacle for Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu to deliver the organizational objective as well as policies.

Allocating roles

A leader delivers the role by identifying the team member’s capability and allocates the response ability among the team members. This refers the challenges faced by Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu which are associated with the identification of strength and capacity of an employee to accomplish the work. Delivering different roles in different area of workplace has been challenge for the leader.

Effective team management skill:

While managing the leader should possess an effective team management skill. Influenced from the views of Hoda & Murugesan (2016), managing the team globally the team leader faces challenges on effective team management as the employees require effective communication. Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu, the global leader faces challenge from cultural competence due to the different geographic location.

Cultural Gap: Difference in cultural competency creates the cultural gap which generates challenge for the team leader to understand the employees work competency. The geographic distance creates the gap into the cultural competency among the leader and the employees of the organization. This creates challenge for Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu regarding the cultural competencies. As influenced from the views of Caligiuri & Bonache et al. (2016), the delivery of the cultural competency gets reduced while communicating with the employees associated in different. The individualism gets different with the change in geographic location. This generates cultural gap which is the reason of generating the challenge of policies and level of wisdom encountered by Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu.

Critical evaluation of the challenges faced by Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu

In the context of challenges of leading teams, one of the most crucial challenges is setting clear goals and expectation. With the globalization of the organization different political, social and cultural barriers affect the efficiency of a team within the organization (ccl.org, 2019). According to Cruickshank & Collins (2015), communication is one of the major challenges regarding the team leading. In the context of the challenges of leading teams, Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu, a global leader from Nigeria, faces some challenges during developing strategy in emerging markets. As a global leader he had an excellent exposure to the professionalism as well as in leadership approaches in terms of global standards.  As per the views of Cruickshank & Collins (2015), change of mindset and flexibility is also responsible in this context. On the other hand as a global leader he also faces challenges of public policy in Nigeria, as this policy is responsible for the transformation of the main objectives into practical actions (kingsleycmoghalu.com, 2019),. In addition to that, this public policy was so much in attention of Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu, as those practical actions was having negative impact on the people as well as on his team members.

As the process of formulation of the policy is associated with the government of Nigeria, this creates a huge challenge for him in leading the team in the right direction. Along with that, as per views of Mumford et al (2017), governmental policies of a particular country sometimes creates challenges for a global leader as different policies in terms of global context influence the leading principals in certain way. In addition to that, economic as well as societal factors also influence his strategic decisions of leading a team in global perspective (kingsleycmoghalu.com, 2019). Along with that, according to Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu, as a governor of the central bank of Nigeria leading a team was quite unique experience for him. Along with that, he also focused on the real worldview and provides his team the right vision for the global economic transformation.  

In addition to that, another crucial challenge he faced during leading team was conventional wisdom on the rising story of Africa (ccl.org, 2019). This has been a major issue faced by Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu as certain difference regarding the level of wisdom in context of global society and Africa leads towards barriers. As per the views of Evans et al. (2015), time management and encouraging the follower is another aspect of team leading.  Along with that, it also stated that managing the team globally the team leader faces challenges on effective team management as the employees require effective communication. To mitigate the challenges that Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu faced during his journey as a global leader, he monitor and maintain discipline, ethics and integrity of the team. Along with that, he also provides the right direction of a prominent and alternative path to the prosperity of his team.

Critical analysis of theories of teamwork

Effective global leaders of a team ensure that team morale remains high and the employees are motivated. In the context of John Adair’s leadership theory, it provides a great understanding for leadership of any team of an organization. According to this model global leaders core responsibilities are achievement of the task, proper management of the team and management of every individuals within the team (Leader Behavior Portfolios, 2019). In addition to that, effective team work refers to the task need to accomplish properly. Main responsibility of a global leader is to monitor and maintain discipline, ethics and integrity of the team. Along with that, according to this theory, global leaders of encourage their team towards the objectives and aims. On the other hand, development of collective maturity and collaborative work is one of the major key roles of global leaders to ensure effective internal and external group communications (Leader Behavior Portfolios, 2019). Core functions of the global leaders for building an effective team are planning, initiating, controlling, supporting, informing and evaluating.

(Refer to appendix 1)

In addition to that, team building is a crucial part of organisational development. According to team analysis theory it includes five stages forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning, global leaders of are responsible for effective team building in order to obtain organisational goal (Leader Behavior Portfolios, 2019). This includes the influential characters that motivate the team members to become efficient. In addition to that team bonding activities of the global leaders also improves teamwork of the organization. The understanding within the teams enhances the future progress of the company. From the global mindset of a global leader major advantages of team building are it improves productivity, increase motivation, collaboration. Along with that, global leaders also encourage the team members to participate with their creative idea in decision making. This in turn helps to enhance the relationship and positivity within the team.

Recommendation

1. Creating a training and development program

specific	This program is specific as this would reduce the communication gap by reducing the language barrier.
measurable	The rate of improvement can be measured after a specific period of training.
attainable	This is attainable while by giving the training by the training associated into different location and through creating groups depending on different geographical location.
realistic	The program can be achieved through providing training into different areas of issues by creating different team.
Time bound	1 month

Table 1: SMART recommendation

2. Acknowledge the differences between organizational need and personal preferences

specific	This recommendation is specified as this would reduce the cultural barrier by by creating an understanding on different culture.
measurable	The rate of improvement can be measured by evaluating the cultural gap over a period. The cultural competency improvement can be noticed over a period.
attainable	This recommendation is attainable as this provides a better understanding on different cultures and acknowledges them in favor of organization.
realistic	The realistic part of this recommendation is the coordination of the personal preference with the organizational need.
Time bound	2 Months

Table 2: SMART recommendation

3. Role allocation depending on the strength of the employees and studying the nature of the employee

specific	The study of nature provides specific idea on individualism or efficiency of the employees.
measurable	The role ambiguity and the role confliction would get reduced and gradually the improvement of efficiency would be noticed through measuring the performance.
attainable	The recommendation is attainable as this refers a study on human nature.
realistic	This provides a realistic idea by studying the human nature.
Time bound	1 month.

Table 3: SMART recommendation

Conclusion

This project report generates idea on the leadership role and the leadership quality by evaluating the challenges coming from the difference in individualism and cultural gap. Along with that, the recommendation provided in this project report has evaluated the required training and development program through understanding the requirement of the omitting the cultural gap and communication gap. Hence, this can be concluded that UK possesses global leader in their various organization by with the possession of various behavioural skill and communication skills.

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