QUESTION

I need a proposal for a term paper on Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis for an Immunology course. (1 page)

The term paper should be a summary of an immune-related disease or condition.

You will need to explain the condition you are researching, what proteins and/or cells are involved, and how this condition differs from the wild-type immune system.

If there is any therapy, what is it and how does it work?

I believe the term paper will need to be anywhere from 7-9 pgs but the exact number will not be known for another few weeks.

This is for a 400-level course so it needs to be good.

The proposal should be 1 page. In APA format. Scientific journals and textbooks to be used should be easily found on databases such as ProQuest and EBSCO. At least 8 sources should be used. US English proper grammar and spelling. If this proposal is approved I will place the order for the Term Paper.

ANSWER

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF CALCITRIOL DEFICIENCY ON HASHIMOTO’S DISEASE

This proposal will be presenting a summary of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and impact of calcitriol deficiency on it. Hashimoto’s disease or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease which is the result of overactive thyroid system (Akamizu & Amino, 2017). The thyroid gland of the human body enlarges and creates a painless goiter in this disease. Vitamin D3 or Calcitriol is believed to have a significant impact over the autoimmune diseases (Pyzik et al. 2015). The deficiency of Calcitriol could result in either overt hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism.

In clinical hypothyroidism no symptoms could be seen or mild symptoms could be seen as well. On the contrary, the in overt hypothyroidism level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is elevated and the level of free thyroxin (T4) is low. Esposito et al. (2018) highlighted that, this condition shows symptoms like sensitivity to cold, weight gain, skin drying and others. On the other hand, people with wild-type immune system, show normal level of TSH and free thyroxin (T4) hormones which control the thyroid function of the body properly. They show low levels of anti-thyroid antibodies and in relation with that they also have high levels of Vitamin D3 or Calcitriol (Armanini et al. 2016).

Up taking of Calcitriol supplement helps in lowering the anti-thyroid antibody cells and thus helps in the cure of Hashimoto’s disease (Ariganjoye 2017). Moreover, the overt hypothyroidism patients needed to be treated in daily basis and the most standard treatment is thyroid hormone replacement daily. Basler et al. (2015) these patients need to change their daily routine and habits too and take proper medicines such as Levothyroxine sodium, Triiodothyronine. However, there is no one proper clinical way for curing this type of autoimmune disease.

Hashimoto’s disease is one of the critical autoimmune diseases that occur in almost all the United States males as a result of Vitamin D deficiency (Krysiak, Kowalska & Okopien, 2015). Vitamin D and the anti-thyroid antibody cells are related in opposite proportion as the increase in amount of one result in the decrease of another’s amount (Stan & Salvi 2017).

Reference list

Akamizu, T., & Amino, N. (2017). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. In Endotext MDText. com, Inc.. Retrieved on 2 February 2019. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285557/

Ariganjoye, R. (2017). Pediatric hypovitaminosis D: molecular perspectives and clinical implications. Global pediatric health, 4, 2333794X16685504. Retrieved on 31 January 2019. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2333794X16685504

Armanini, D., Andrisani, A., Ambrosini, G., Donà, G., Camozzi, V., Bordin, L., & Sabbadin, C. (2016). Interrelationship between vitamin D insufficiency, calcium homeostasis, hyperaldosteronism, and autoimmunity. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 18(7), 614-616. Retrieved on 2 February 2019. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jch.12822

Basler, M., Mundt, S., Bitzer, A., Schmidt, C., & Groettrup, M. (2015). The immunoproteasome: a novel drug target for autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 33(4 Suppl 92), S74-9. Retrieved on 6 February 2019. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ca83/3a15d667d1cf2dc316c78a5fc8438f1277a7.pdf

Esposito, S., Penta, L., Cofini, M., Lanciotti, L., Leonardi, A., & Principi, N. (2018). Hashimoto’s Disease and Thyroid Cancer in Children: Are They Associated?. Frontiers in endocrinology, 9, 565. Retrieved on 5 February 2019. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2018.00565/full

Krysiak, R., Kowalska, B., & Okopien, B. (2015). Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Non‐Lactating Women with Post‐Partum Thyroiditis: The Effect of l‐Thyroxine Treatment. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 116(6), 503-507. Retrieved on 31 January 2019. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/bcpt.12349

Pyzik, A., Grywalska, E., Matyjaszek-Matuszek, B., & Roliński, J. (2015). Immune disorders in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: what do we know so far?. Journal of immunology research, 2015.
Akamizu, T., & Amino, N. (2017). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. In Endotext [Internet]. MDText. com, Inc.. Retrieved on 2 February 2019. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285557/

Stan, M. N., & Salvi, M. (2017). MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Rituximab therapy for Graves’ orbitopathy–lessons from randomized control trials. European journal of endocrinology, 176(2), R101-R109. Retrieved on 2 February 2019. Retrieved from https://eje.bioscientifica.com/content/176/2/R101.short

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