ASSIGNMENT 1

QUESTION

Racism in The Hate U Give

1-Abstract

Lines that the novel tackles the theme of the racism and inequality

Keywords-5

2- Introduction

1. Background of African American Literature and how it shows the racial prejudice that African Americans suffer from

2. Summary of the novel

3. The writer and the book’s prizes

3- Main Text

1. How the novels shows inhuman and degrading treatment of the blacks

2. How does the title suit this story and why did the author choose it? Reference Tupac’s Thug Life.

3. Starr juggles Williamson prep school with Garden Heights. How hard is it to exist in two conflicting worlds?

4. Khalil was a gang member – why shouldn’t that matter to the press or justice system? • What choices did Khalil have to support his family once his grandmother was fired for being sick? • How do the media portray Khalil? Is this right? • Why might lesha not leave King?

5. Starr is taught what to do if stopped by the police. How does that make you feel?

6. Daddy tells Uncle Carlos: ‘If I kill Tyrone, I’m going to prison. If a cop kills me, he’s getting put on leave.’ Why does this injustice happen?

7. Does social media help or get in the way of achieving justice?

How do the police respond to the protests over the shooting of Khalil?

8. Starr says ‘Funny how it works with white kids though. It’s dope to be black until it’s hard to be black’. What does she mean?

9. Starr uses her ‘voice as a weapon for change’. Does it make a difference?

10. Do you notice images of silence and voice that recur?

4- conclusion

Summary of the findings

Does the novel end ‘right’

This book is heavily influenced by the topic of race relationships in America. If Khalil had been white, would the same reaction have happened? Had the officer been black, would the situation itself have received as much attention?

I need you to insert quotations from the novel itself and from critics who wrote about racism

All the citations should be like ( last name, year, page number)

Plagiarism free

ANSWER

RACISM IN THE HATE U GIVE BY ANGIE THOMAS

Abstract

The hate u given revolves around racism against people coming from black background in USA. Race has been always a sensitive aspect in America due to its often ugly and complex history of slavery in the nation. Racism has always been associated with power dominance and enforcement of oppression which in America is still in the hands of Whites. “The Hate U Give” as title completely justifies the theme of the novel as it has been a perfect showcase of the hatred that Starr and her associates have received from the American society.

Keywords: Racism, black background, complex history of slavery in USA, hands of Whites, showcase of the hatred

Table of Contents

Introduction

Race has been always a sensitive aspect in America due to its often ugly and complex history of slavery in United States. The Hate U give by Angie Thomas is an outstanding delineation of racism that revolves around the experience of a 16 years old girl named Starr Carter and her moves between two completely different worlds. The uneasy balance has been successfully represented between the poor neighborhood she resides and the fancy prep school she attends. Starr’s world has been shattered when she has witnessed the incident of a fatal shooting of her best friend Khalil by a police officer. However, soon after the death of Khalil, it has become the headline while people are calling him a gangbanger, drug dealer or simply a thug. Angie Thomas, the author of the novel herself is a black American and “The Hate U Give” is the most notable work of her that has won a range of awards such as “Goodreads Choice Awards Best of the Best”, “Audie Award for Young Adult” and “Audie Award for Best Female Narrator”.

Racism in The Hate U Give

a. Racial treatment in novels

African American literature in the form of novels, poems, short stories, plays and even in non-fiction works of memoir has encapsulated the prevalence of racism of the nation. There can be a range of literary instances dealing with particularly the controversial matter of racism. This specific novel has also encountered a series of racist comments received by its central character Starr Carter. According to the views of Wallis (2016, p.27), racism has always been associated with power dominance and enforcement of oppression which in America is still in the hands of Whites. This book is a perfect example of this. Racism in this novel has emerged at its best through the form of police brutality directly indicating the murder of unarmed Khalil by a cop in terms of presenting excessive force being a part of criminalization of black community and larger tapestry of racism in America. In the way of Starr’s father instills the knowledge of racism in Starr and her brother has been a clear indication of black individualization in American society that the novel has successfully encapsulated. On the same background, the works and experience of Tupac have greatly inspired Angie Thomas in writing the literary piece by realizing the actual condition of black communities through Tupac’s discussion of his “Thug Life” (Epicreads.com, 2018). Apart from this novel, a range of literary pieces are there such as “A dream Deferred” by Langston Hughes, “The Hidden Wound” by Wendell Berry and “We Real Cool” by Gwendolyn Brooks delineating instances of racism.

b. Justification of the title

The title of the story reflects the entire essence of the novel in general. “The Hate U Give” as title completely justifies the theme of the novel as it has been a perfect showcase of the hatred that Starr and her associates have received from the American society. As influenced by the views of Museus and Park (2015, p.556), racism signifies a beneficial system and power of a dominant racial group over a non-dominant racial group. This is closely related with different social factors of deprivation and hatred that the book has perfectly delineated. Tupac’s thug life has been a major inspiration for Thomas that has made a perfect reflection in naming the central character as a tribute to the wish of Tupac to name his daughter Starr. The portrayal of the character of “Big Mav” has a great similarity with Tupac Shakur inspiring Starr to protest against the injustice throughout the novel (Epicreads.com, 2018). A sense of hatred and injustice has been surfaced and penetrated all over the novel which the title of the work has greatly justified (Brooks et al. 2015, p.711).

c. Conflicts of Garden heights and Williamson prep school

Although Starr has been rooted up in Garden Height, she along with her brother has attended Williamson prep school that holds two completely different culture and environment. Starr has to juggle between these two lives. As a common phenomenon, Starr has known that she is judged differently because of her background. As influenced by the views of Loewen (2018, p.36), racism in America has come up with the concept of majority black schools. In such case, being in a fancy school of white people, Starr has come across different kinds of unethical treatments and behaviors. Belonging from a majority black community to attend a posh suburban school, she has been in a great dilemma and as a result of this, she takes in split personalities. In William Prep school Heights she tends to speak and act completely different from her actual self of Garden Heights (Thomas, 2017, p.45). This has carried out a sense of dual personality and conflicting nature that Starr holds.

d. The experience of Khalil

The actual essence of racism has been displayed in a form of police brutality in this novel. Whether Khalil is gangster or not is still is a mystery. The criminalization of young black men in American society gives rise to the repetitive occurrences of Khalil’s story. In the opinion of Vaught (2014, p.87), institutional racism refers to the system, political outset, practices, policies and behaviors that specifically disadvantage a particular racial group. This has been a seeming aspect in Khalil’s matter as the entire system starting from media to police has turned against Khalil in terms of being more inclined to portray him as a gangbanger and drug dealer. After Khalil’s grandmother has been fired, Khail just starts up with selling drugs once to pay back the debt of his mother to king. However, this cannot lead to a brutal death of Khalil. The media coverage has been more eager to reflect a sympathetic side for the police officer rather than standing up for the injustice faced by Khalil.

e. Starr’s encounter with police

From the beginning, Starr has been raised with the installation of racism as a manifestation of American society. Her father has a powerful influence in raising her right and always makes her aware of the current status of the American society in terms of providing her with a clear account of behaviors and unethical approaches that black community receive. In the opinion of Mahavijit (2017, p.15), racism has been a combination of different practices, social relations and beliefs that work together to produce a racial hierarchy yielding privilege and superiority for some and oppression and discrimination for others. In this novel, it has been captured so well that it almost gives rise to a picturesque view of racism. When she is only 12, her parents have given instructions about what to do if a cop stops her. The best advice has been to keep her hands visible along with not to make a sudden move. This has really been a traumatic situation for black people to be always in a situation that might harm them. This has been a great portrayal of racism that continuously affects the part of the lives of black community in America (Tatonetti, 2014, p.45). According to the views of Stevens-Watkins et al. (2014, p.15), racism has a close relation with the psychological distress of African American women. Hence, it can be greatly assumed that for Starr as well racism has caused severe mental pressure and psychological distress.

f. Injustice reflecting in the dialogue Daddy

Starr has experienced his daddy to tell his uncle about the effect if he kills Tyrone. Carlos is a cop and perhaps in search of a justified societal effect on every citizen of the nation Big Mav has made the query. It has been a severe issue of racism that has run throughout the story of the novel. The unethical behavior, oppression and deprivation in all segments have been there in a great deal for the life of Starr and her acquaintances (Black et al. 2015, p.15). Hence, experiencing the injustice experienced all levels of society; Starr’s father has stated this. Reference of Khalil’s dearth can be made here that determines the degree of truth of Starr’s father’s comment as police killing Khalil has been put on leave. This has been a great revelation

of injustice made on black community of the America by majorly the white people and as well as by the total societal system (Academia.edu, 2018).

G. Role of social media in achieving justice

Social media is the best platform of gathering information related to injustice of as person and right of every human being of a country. As per views of Bonilla and Rosa (2015, p.14), social media in gaining knowledge is based on fundamental principles of all democracies. Along with that, social media provides details information which is fair and accurate. Therefore, from the following point of view, it is clear that, social media presents information related to justice due to having different views of multicultural people (influenced by Gerbaudo, 2018, p.66).

H. Explanation of Starr’s dialogue

Starr becomes more engaged for the purpose of fighting against the injustice and racism. Moreover, Starr stated that “As long I play it cool and keep myself, I should be fine- I am cool by default because I’m one of the only black kids there” (Grady, 2018). Moreover, Starr has focused more on keeping own selves coolness for the purpose of avoiding difficulties in Garden heights. Initially Starr has decided to join in the protest for the purpose of getting justice against Khalil. However, later Starr has analyzed the incident and decided to stop thinking about participation in the protest (Tatum, 2018, p.123). Due to which, Starr has stated that being a only one black people in the class and getting injustice against the racism, staying coolness is effective way.

I. Starr to use her voice as a weapon for change

Later on Starr has decided to rise own voice for the purpose of changing whole scenario based on racism in the classroom against black people. Moreover, Starr has analyzed ongoing event and discussed by the following way. “This is about one-fifteen, those detectives with their bullshit questions, and those cops who made daddy lie on the ground”.

From the following quotes, it is clear that injustice is continuously occurred against common people of a country. Due to belonging from black background, starr has faced racism in classroom (Thomas, 2017, p.33). After death of Khalil, Starr has decided to join in the protest and rise own voice for the reason of injustice. She has tried to raise voice as a weapon for injustice and racism in the class against her which have to be changed immediately for getting proper justice.

j. Recurrence of images of voice and silence

It can be noticed that images of voice has been recurred continuously with Starr due to becoming from black background. Starr has decided to go for doing protest in the city for the purpose of getting justice (Ford, 2018). However, later she has decided to stop doing protest due to leaving the fact on other people of the nation. As stated by Grady (2018), images of voice have been recurrence due to stopping about think of protesting in the city. However, later Starr has analyzed the incident and decided to stop thinking about participation in the protest (Thomas, 2017, p.33). Due to which, Starr has stated that being a only one black people in the class and getting injustice against the racism, staying coolness is effective way.

Conclusion

Considering all the facts and occurrences of the events taken place in the plot, it can be concluded that racism exists in every layer of American society. Police brutality in terms of oppression made by governmental system has been the predominant factor in this specific novel by Angie Thomas. Hence, a close evaluation of the study can give rise to a certain belief that if Khalil has not been a black society would have responded in a completely different manner. The reaction and coverage of media might have portrayed the incident in a more sympathetic manner towards Khalil and his family. The accusation might have been a little lighter while a sharp hatred can be set upon the police officer for killing an unarmed young man. Hence, casting a look upon all these, it can be stated that American society is still now struggling with the fact of racism.

Reference List

Academia.edu (2018), Racism, Sexism and African-American Literature, Available at: http://www.academia.edu/9846559/Racism_Sexism_and_African-American_Literature [Accessed on 2/1/2019]

Black, L.L., Johnson, R. and VanHoose, L., 2015. The relationship between perceived racism/discrimination and health among black American women: a review of the literature from 2003 to 2013. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2(1), pp.11-20.

Bonilla, Y. and Rosa, J., 2015. Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States. American Ethnologist, 42(1), pp.4-17.

Brooks, C.M., Daschuk, M.D., Poudrier, J. and Almond, N., 2015. First Nations youth redefine resilience: listening to artistic productions of ‘Thug Life’and hip-hop. Journal of Youth Studies, 18(6), pp.706-725.

Epicreads.com (2018), Here’s How Tupac Inspired The Hate U Give, Available at: https://www.epicreads.com/blog/tupac-thug-life-hate-u-give/ [Accessed on:2/1/2019]

Ford, C.T. (2018). The Complexity of Black Girlhood Is at the Heart of The Hate U Give. [Online] Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/10/the-hate-u-give-movie-starr-carter-black-girlhood/573319/ [Accessed on: 04/01/19]

Gerbaudo, P., 2018. Tweets and the streets: Social media and contemporary activism. Pluto Press: London

Grady, C. (2018), Social issues YA novels can be terrible. The Hate U Give is a stunning exception. [Online] Available at: https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/3/30/15074998/the-hate-u-give-angie-thomas-review [Accessed on: 04/01/19]

Loewen, J.W., 2018. Sundown towns: A hidden dimension of American racism. US: The New Press.

Mahavijit, K., 2017, The Operation of Racism in American Short Stories by African American Writers, Chulalongkorn University,pp.1-17.

Museus, S.D. and Park, J.J., 2015. The continuing significance of racism in the lives of Asian American college students. Journal of College Student Development, 56(6), pp.551-569.

Stevens-Watkins, D., Perry, B., Pullen, E., Jewell, J. and Oser, C.B., 2014. Examining the associations of racism, sexism, and stressful life events on psychological distress among African-American women. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 20(4), pp.1-18

Tatonetti, L., 2014. The queerness of Native American literature. Minnesota:U of Minnesota Press.

Tatum, A.W., 2018. Texts’ Distant Shores: Philosophy in and Philosophy Out. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 62(1), pp.115-117.

Thomas, A., 2017. The hate u give. Munich: cbt Verlag.

Vaught, S., 2014. Tupac’s Law: Incarceration, THUGLIFE, and the Crisis of Black Masculinity. Spectrum: A Journal on Black Men, 2(2), pp.87-115.

Wallis, J., 2016. America’s original sin: Racism, white privilege, and the bridge to a new America. Michigan: Brazos Press.

ASSIGNMEMT 2

QUESTION

Cancer in Literature

1- Abstract

Many writers portray the experience of going through cancer with hope

Keyword – 5

2- Introduction

1. Background of how diseases like plague and tuberculosis were portrayed in literature in the past with examples of certain novels that depict those diseases

2. How cancer becomes the disease of the age with statistics fully cited

3. The goals of writing about cancer in novels

3-Main Text

1. Portraying cancer in The Fault in our Stars, and does the novel stimulate hope and support patients; how does the patient feel, what are the factors that support him

2. Portraying cancer in How to Climb the Eiffel Tower, and does the novel stimulate hope and support patients; how does the patient feel, what are the factors that support him

3. Portraying cancer in Strength Renewed, and does the novel stimulate hope and support patients; how does the patient feel, what are the factors that support him

4- Conclusion

Summary of the findings

ANSWER

CANCER IN LITERATURE

Abstract

The idea of fictional books for cancer patients grows within many writers when the writer or his loved ones face these diseases. Some of them find it as too close to their daily struggles. Thereby, they focus on finding hope through analysing levity of their own lives. The writers try to find credibility in the stories and it gradually helps to develop a sense of upliftment. Moreover, the writers express their own views regarding the ways they have found while dealing with a critical situation. The situation arises in maintaining relationship with cancer patients. Basically a poet or author tries to communicate with his inner world through his writings and in this regard, various phenomenon related to cancer are described through the way they follow to enjoy life. Hence, the following assignment sheds light on describing the views of various writers on facing “cancer” through various innovative ways to raise hope for the readers and many individuals.

Table of Contents

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